{
  "schemaVersion": "sulu-blender-process-reuse-benchmark-v1",
  "benchmarkId": "controlled-blender-5-1-process-reuse-2026-08-05",
  "title": "Controlled Blender 5.1 fresh-process versus process-reuse benchmark",
  "description": "External wall-clock measurements for the same six-frame deterministic Cycles animation rendered either with one fresh Blender process per frame or as the full frame range in one Blender process.",
  "measuredAtUtc": "2026-08-05T03:51:10.439Z",
  "claimScope": "This local controlled benchmark measures Blender process reuse for this host, scene, and configuration. It is not a production Superluminal render-speed result and does not predict another scene, host, renderer, or service.",
  "environment": {
    "operatingSystem": "macOS",
    "kernelRelease": "25.5.0",
    "architecture": "arm64",
    "cpuModel": "Apple M5 Pro",
    "logicalCpuCount": 18,
    "memoryBytes": 51539607552,
    "nodeVersion": "v22.22.3",
    "blender": {
      "requestedSeries": "5.1.x",
      "version": "5.1.1",
      "buildDate": "2026-04-14",
      "buildCommitDate": "2026-04-13",
      "buildHash": "b70da489d7f4",
      "buildPlatform": "Darwin",
      "buildType": "Release",
      "executableReference": "blender"
    }
  },
  "scene": {
    "sceneFile": "temporary generated .blend file (not published)",
    "description": "A plane, a linearly rotating beveled cube, a static UV sphere, two area lights, and one fixed camera.",
    "animation": {
      "frameStart": 1,
      "frameEnd": 6,
      "frameStep": 1,
      "frameCount": 6,
      "framesPerSecond": 24,
      "animatedProperty": "Animated cube.rotation_euler",
      "interpolation": "Driver expression linear in frame number"
    },
    "renderSettings": {
      "engine": "CYCLES",
      "device": "CPU",
      "resolutionPixels": [
        96,
        96
      ],
      "resolutionPercentage": 100,
      "samples": 16,
      "adaptiveSampling": false,
      "denoising": false,
      "seed": 20260805,
      "animatedSeed": false,
      "maxBounces": 4,
      "diffuseBounces": 2,
      "glossyBounces": 2,
      "transmissionBounces": 2,
      "transparentBounces": 2,
      "volumeBounces": 0,
      "persistentData": false,
      "motionBlur": false,
      "threadsMode": "FIXED",
      "threads": 1,
      "output": {
        "format": "PNG",
        "colorMode": "RGB",
        "colorDepthBits": 8,
        "compression": 15
      },
      "colorManagement": {
        "displayDevice": "sRGB",
        "viewTransform": "Standard",
        "look": "Medium High Contrast",
        "exposure": 0,
        "gamma": 1
      }
    }
  },
  "method": {
    "independentVariable": "Blender process lifetime across the six rendered frames",
    "controls": [
      "Both conditions open the same generated .blend file.",
      "Both conditions render frames 1 through 6 in order with identical saved settings.",
      "Both conditions use Blender --background, --factory-startup, and --disable-autoexec.",
      "The two conditions run sequentially, never concurrently.",
      "Measured repeat order alternates to reduce fixed order bias.",
      "Decoded PNG pixel dimensions and SHA-256 are compared by frame for every paired repeat. Raw file hashes are also retained; Blender embeds render-time metadata, so raw PNG bytes can differ even when every pixel matches."
    ],
    "freshProcessPerFrame": {
      "processCountPerAnimation": 6,
      "description": "Launch Blender, open the scene, and render one frame; repeat for every frame.",
      "commandTemplate": "blender --background --factory-startup --disable-autoexec {scene.blend} --render-output {output}/frame_#### --render-frame {frame}"
    },
    "singleReusedProcess": {
      "processCountPerAnimation": 1,
      "description": "Launch Blender once, open the scene once, and render the full frame range.",
      "commandTemplate": "blender --background --factory-startup --disable-autoexec {scene.blend} --render-output {output}/frame_#### --render-anim"
    },
    "warmFilesystemCacheTreatment": {
      "excludedFromMeasurements": true,
      "sequence": [
        "freshProcessPerFrame",
        "singleReusedProcess"
      ],
      "description": "After scene generation, each complete invocation shape runs once before measurement. This warms Blender binary, scene-file, shader/kernel, and filesystem caches. Warmup outputs must match pixel for pixel.",
      "observedExternalWallSeconds": {
        "freshProcessPerFrame": 2.899549,
        "singleReusedProcess": 0.834397
      },
      "outputEquivalence": {
        "comparedFrameCount": 6,
        "identicalDecodedPngPixels": true,
        "mismatchedFrames": []
      }
    },
    "timing": {
      "source": "Node.js process.hrtime.bigint() monotonic clock around spawned Blender process lifetime",
      "freshSequenceBoundary": "Starts immediately before the first Blender spawn and stops after the final Blender process exits; no output hashing is inside the boundary.",
      "reusedSequenceBoundary": "Starts immediately before the only Blender spawn and stops when that process exits; no output hashing is inside the boundary.",
      "unit": "seconds"
    },
    "measuredPairedRepeats": 7,
    "measuredConditionOrder": [
      {
        "repeat": 1,
        "conditionOrder": [
          "freshProcessPerFrame",
          "singleReusedProcess"
        ]
      },
      {
        "repeat": 2,
        "conditionOrder": [
          "singleReusedProcess",
          "freshProcessPerFrame"
        ]
      },
      {
        "repeat": 3,
        "conditionOrder": [
          "freshProcessPerFrame",
          "singleReusedProcess"
        ]
      },
      {
        "repeat": 4,
        "conditionOrder": [
          "singleReusedProcess",
          "freshProcessPerFrame"
        ]
      },
      {
        "repeat": 5,
        "conditionOrder": [
          "freshProcessPerFrame",
          "singleReusedProcess"
        ]
      },
      {
        "repeat": 6,
        "conditionOrder": [
          "singleReusedProcess",
          "freshProcessPerFrame"
        ]
      },
      {
        "repeat": 7,
        "conditionOrder": [
          "freshProcessPerFrame",
          "singleReusedProcess"
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "summary": {
    "freshProcessPerFrame": {
      "sampleCount": 7,
      "minimumSeconds": 2.896313,
      "medianSeconds": 2.943319,
      "maximumSeconds": 2.978756,
      "medianAbsoluteDeviationSeconds": 0.022104
    },
    "singleReusedProcess": {
      "sampleCount": 7,
      "minimumSeconds": 0.839416,
      "medianSeconds": 0.84887,
      "maximumSeconds": 0.861687,
      "medianAbsoluteDeviationSeconds": 0.009074
    },
    "medianSecondsSavedPerSixFrameAnimation": 2.094449,
    "medianSpeedupRatio": 3.4673,
    "medianWallTimeReductionPercent": 71.159,
    "formulas": {
      "medianSpeedupRatio": "median(freshProcessPerFrame.externalWallSeconds) / median(singleReusedProcess.externalWallSeconds)",
      "medianSecondsSaved": "median(freshProcessPerFrame.externalWallSeconds) - median(singleReusedProcess.externalWallSeconds)",
      "medianWallTimeReductionPercent": "100 * (freshMedianSeconds - reusedMedianSeconds) / freshMedianSeconds"
    },
    "allMeasuredOutputsPixelIdentical": true
  },
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      "repeat": 1,
      "conditionOrder": [
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        "singleReusedProcess"
      ],
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            "externalWallSeconds": 0.523216
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          {
            "frame": 5,
            "externalWallSeconds": 0.484664
          },
          {
            "frame": 6,
            "externalWallSeconds": 0.476371
          }
        ],
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        "freshProcessPerFrame"
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      "singleReusedProcess": {
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        "externalWallSeconds": 0.839639,
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            "externalWallSeconds": 0.478302
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          {
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      "singleReusedProcess": {
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            "pixelSha256": "5506762a0835416ba621fb15e128ca42cdd697d3869aa8e5553b9df715d0678c",
            "widthPixels": 96,
            "heightPixels": 96,
            "channels": 3
          },
          {
            "frame": 6,
            "bytes": 15287,
            "fileSha256": "f116421ba16ab7803e70d16cac01dd52446aca936acd2f791a19634fc0141708",
            "pixelSha256": "a1b853382f54dcf4915ebca06ef6ad8548439638da500cae9f84e7a358ef4293",
            "widthPixels": 96,
            "heightPixels": 96,
            "channels": 3
          }
        ]
      },
      "singleReusedProcess": {
        "processCount": 1,
        "externalWallSeconds": 0.861687,
        "outputs": [
          {
            "frame": 1,
            "bytes": 15206,
            "fileSha256": "445de5114a8fcb4585f2667fab9f148d29f6b169e1b082b0e0fbf269db29f7c7",
            "pixelSha256": "e94addcbee1ccb5e8197bfb28437ad767f52fd8bec1d75ef5b41537fd49faab6",
            "widthPixels": 96,
            "heightPixels": 96,
            "channels": 3
          },
          {
            "frame": 2,
            "bytes": 15271,
            "fileSha256": "f7ab41407bdc09f11836de7cd5ea9fc860a88a3a2ff470e1b3118fd728e44965",
            "pixelSha256": "ac8ec4f16e3215be327c77ce2ef0e08c034963d6511d5010a65c1f5c77697a9c",
            "widthPixels": 96,
            "heightPixels": 96,
            "channels": 3
          },
          {
            "frame": 3,
            "bytes": 15156,
            "fileSha256": "9831924c23e2302de5dfa77506eacea0435a83c6393015f14635f3a77e7b76a3",
            "pixelSha256": "e7f1ea39c7ea856b0df30a027ce7488d0bb8dc68d782e2fc78b2f4a868ca7f55",
            "widthPixels": 96,
            "heightPixels": 96,
            "channels": 3
          },
          {
            "frame": 4,
            "bytes": 15067,
            "fileSha256": "214df6bfa8d1e7bf256967c89532f7560d0c1837500013e50b5330f882753dfe",
            "pixelSha256": "24c071fa5f1bbb66ca29fc1c4122c6af88d38c291c931ee9ab39d5a75147906f",
            "widthPixels": 96,
            "heightPixels": 96,
            "channels": 3
          },
          {
            "frame": 5,
            "bytes": 15210,
            "fileSha256": "78efccef84e0e7cdc958a60234cc75bd430dc6c47b452794a650a81f9d87c91c",
            "pixelSha256": "5506762a0835416ba621fb15e128ca42cdd697d3869aa8e5553b9df715d0678c",
            "widthPixels": 96,
            "heightPixels": 96,
            "channels": 3
          },
          {
            "frame": 6,
            "bytes": 15287,
            "fileSha256": "1e96d834e66bf41f97fa01d23063a13c17cb347483ce9475a6b187a522b31301",
            "pixelSha256": "a1b853382f54dcf4915ebca06ef6ad8548439638da500cae9f84e7a358ef4293",
            "widthPixels": 96,
            "heightPixels": 96,
            "channels": 3
          }
        ]
      },
      "outputEquivalence": {
        "comparedFrameCount": 6,
        "identicalDecodedPngPixels": true,
        "mismatchedFrames": []
      }
    }
  ],
  "limitations": [
    "This is one small synthetic six-frame Cycles scene on one Apple M5 Pro host.",
    "The benchmark uses CPU rendering with one fixed render thread; GPU startup and device-kernel behavior can differ.",
    "The scene disables Cycles persistent data, denoising, adaptive sampling, and motion blur to keep the process-lifetime comparison narrow.",
    "The warmup intentionally excludes cold-install, first-kernel-build, and cold-filesystem costs.",
    "External wall time includes Blender launch, scene load, render, PNG write, and clean process exit. It does not isolate each component.",
    "Short renders make fixed process costs a large share of total time. Larger frames can have a smaller relative benefit.",
    "No network, queue, upload, download, scheduler, or production Superluminal system participates in this benchmark."
  ],
  "reproducibility": {
    "command": "node scripts/benchmarks/blender-process-reuse-benchmark.mjs --repeats 7 --output public/seo/evidence/blender-process-reuse-benchmark-2026-08-05.json",
    "blenderOverride": "Set BLENDER_PROCESS_REUSE_EXECUTABLE or pass --blender when Blender 5.1.x is not the `blender` command on PATH.",
    "sceneBuilder": "scripts/benchmarks/blender-process-reuse-scene.py",
    "temporaryArtifacts": "The harness creates the .blend file, isolated Blender profile, and all PNG outputs under an OS temporary directory, then removes them unless --keep-temp is set.",
    "validation": "The harness refuses non-5.1 Blender versions, requires every expected PNG, decodes PNG scanlines, compares fresh/reused pixel hashes for every repeat, and writes JSON only after all checks pass."
  }
}